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Headers, Footers, and Watermarks
- how to start, stop, change, replace,
delay, overlay, and remove them
Some related items:
Page identification
topics -
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SupDelay
macro - Automatically set up "second pages" with
"page identifiers" using Suppress and Delay codes
Page identification tips - Create even
and odd page identification
in headers or footers - Create a third type of "header"
or "footer" for additional identifying information
Stamps - Creating "DRAFT," "COPY," and
other identification stamps on the pages of a document
LetterHd - An automated letterhead template with second page
identifiers
HFmach - The "Header/Footer Machine" macro
How to create "Continued
on Page x" footers where "x"
is the number of the following page
Using two footers
simultaneously (one for page number,
the other for separator line and filename, etc.) so that items
do not overlap
Outside the margins - Creating text outside a document's page margins,
along the edge of the page(s) |
Other related
pages -
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Mixing landscape and
portrait pages: How to maintain headers, footers, and page
numbering at the top and bottom of all pages when you mix landscape
orientation with portrait
Pleadings - Modify the legal Pleading feature (in Watermark B) |
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Headers, footers,
and watermarks are available on the Insert menu
in WordPerfect. They will be visible onscreen in Page mode (View,
Page), or if you are directly editing them. They usually contain
text, but can contain graphic images and format codes (page number,
current date, filename, line justification, etc.).
Like page numbering, they are considered "repeating
elements" or "repeating substructures"
because they are designed to automatically display on
more than one pages even though you (typically) need only create
them once in a document.
WordPerfect provides two "flavors"
(i.e., varieties, or types) of each of these three elements,
A and B, so you have six more ways to add extra
information -- often called "page identification" --
to multiple pages in your documents.
For a brief tutorial on headers and footers,
see Adding Headers and
Footers to Your Documents by Laura Acklen.
For specific topics, see the sidebar on the
left, or simply scroll down on this page.
TIP: Check out the context-sensitive
Property bars
Once one of these repeating elements is on
screen (see the next topic, "How to start
them"), and your cursor is inside it, it is worth exploring
the Property bar that appears for useful features related to
that element, such as buttons to insert a page number inside
a footer or set headers to display on even
and odd pages.
Property bars for these elements are visible
only when your cursor is inside one of them and View,
Toolbars, Property Bar is enabled.
Note that if you use the Property bar button
to put page numbers inside a header or footer, you probably will
want to turn normal page numbering off (if it was
turned on) with Format, Page, Numbering, Position: <No page
numbering>. Otherwise you will get two numbers on each page,
one in the header or footer and one on the page itself. (For
more on page numbering see the links in the sidebar column on
the left.)
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How to start
them
You can start one of these repeating elements on a certain page
by simply placing your cursor on that page (usually at the top)
and creating the element there using the Insert menu.
Select the element you need -- Header/Footer or Watermark
-- then select the type (A or B) and click Create.
Go on from there to create the header, footer, or watermark by
typing text, etc. (See Laura Acklen's tutorial
on creating headers and footers for representative examplea,
such as adding page numbers in a header or footer, adding the
current document's filename, etc.)
When you are finished, exit from the header,
footer, or watermark with the Close button on the Property bar,
or just click in the main document. (To see them on screen you
should not be in Draft view [on the View menu].)
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How to stop
them
There are two ways to do this.
You can suppress any of these elements (and page numbering, too) on
a given page with Format, Page, Suppress. Such repeating
elements will still show up on other pages (if any); they are
merely stopped (suppressed) from displaying on the page with
a [Suppress] code. This can be handy if you only need a page
or two without headers, footers, or watermarks.
For example, if Header A is suppressed on
page 3, you would have the sequence AAXAAA...., where "X"
is a page without the header.
Schematically (for the first several pages)
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Header A |
Header A |
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Header A |
Header A |
Header A |
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[In some versions of WordPerfect, editing
pre-existing choices in the Suppress dialog to change your choices
can cause the Suppress code to be removed from the document (it's
a bug), so it is a good idea to examine the document to see if
this happens. If it does, simply reapply your choices at that
page location with Format, Page, Suppress.]
You can also discontinue a header, footer or watermark from the Insert menu
(e.g., Insert, Header/Footer, Header A, Discontinue).
That means that the item will show up on all pages prior
to the one where it was discontinued. This is normally done at
the bottom of the last page where you want the header, footer,
or watermark to show up. Discontinuing these structures might
be useful when you do not want any more of them to show up in
the rest of your document (e.g., in an Appendix or Index) or
for a given section of your document (i.e., spanning more than
one page).
[Note that you can create a new header, footer,
or watermark of the same "flavor" (A or B) from the
Insert menu (e.g., Insert, Header/Footer, Header A, Create)
and it will automatically discontinue the existing item,
and replace it with the new version from that point forward until
it is discontinued or replaced with yet another new version (if
any). You do not have to discontinue a header, footer, or
watermark to start a new, different one. See the next section.]
If, for example, Header A is discontinued
on page 3, you would have the sequence AAXXXX....
Schematically (for the first several pages)
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How to change
or replace them
To change the content of the currently displayed header/footer/watermark
(either A or B), you can edit the current version
of the item in one of two ways. First, place your cursor on the
page that displays the item you want to change, then either (1)
click Insert, Header/Footer, Footer A, Edit, or (2) click inside
the header/footer/watermark itself (assuming you are not in Draft
view) and edit it directly. Click anywhere in the main document
area to exit, or click the Close button on the property bar.
IMPORTANT: All
such changes will affect the display of the header/footer/watermark
you are editing. That is, the changes will show up on any previous
pages where the current item is displayed, as well as on any
following pages. You need only edit the current item on any
page where it displays in order to change the same item on all
pages.
Schematically (for the first several pages)
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If you Edit Header A on page 4 to make
a change to the Header...
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Header A |
Header A |
Header A |
Edit
(change)
Header A |
Header A |
Header A |
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...it will produce this
change in the document:
Changed
Header A |
Changed
Header A |
Changed
Header A |
Changed
Header A |
Changed
Header A |
Changed
Header A |
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To replace (supersede) the content of a header/footer/watermark
(either A or B) somewhere in the document after
the page where you first created that item, and leave the previous
version of that item unchanged, you must create a new
one (of the same type, A or B) at the new location where you
want the change to take effect.
This is often done to change chapter or section
titles in a manuscript's header. Just create a new header of
the same type (A or B) on the new page with Insert, Header/Footer,
Header (A or B), Create, and it will supplant the old
one.
For example:
To change the text or other content in Header
A starting on page 4, and continuing on the following
pages (but not on the previous pages), you would --
- place your cursor on page 4 -- usually at
the top of the page;
- click Insert, Header/Footer, Header A,
Create (not Edit);
- insert -- i.e., paste or type -- the new
content inside the new, empty header (N.B.: Don't delete or edit
the [Open Style] code inside the header area, unless you
need to do so for a specific reason; see Footnote
2); then
- exit from the header by clicking anywhere
in the main document area, or by clicking the Close button on
the property bar.
You should now see the new Header A's
content take effect on that page, and the old Header A's
content should stop on the previous page, as shown schematically
in the diagram below. (You will also see a new [Header A]
code in the Reveal Codes pane on page 4. This tells WordPerfect
where to start the new version of Header A.)
As previously noted, if you simply edit the
current header (e.g., with Insert, Header/Footer, Footer A, Edit)
you will change the current item wherever it is
displayed in the document. That is, the change will show up in
the same item on all previous pages as well as all following
pages. To change Header A (using our example) to something
else, you must cause a new Header A to "take over"
from the older Header A. (The same thing applies to footers
and watermarks.)
Some users try and replace an existing header/footer/watermark
at some point after page 1 by editing the existing item, rather
than by creating a brand new one on the later page. This is a
common mistake, and probably stems from the idea that headers,
footers, or watermarks seem to "flow" only in one direction
-- forward to the end of the document -- much like applying a
new font type at a specific location. In fact, editing one of
these elements simply changes the display of that item
on all pages where it is set to display -- both on previous
pages (if any) and on following pages (if any). These elements
are displayed in both directions from the page where you
are viewing them.
Hence, to replace the content of one of these
items from a particular page forward, think in terms of
superseding or supplanting it, not in terms of editing it.
You can also think of these items as single
"structures" or small "containers" that --
once created on a given page -- have the ability to show up on
all pages from the point of creation onward. You can change
the same structure (e.g., Header A) later in the document by
editing any single display of it, not just on the page
where it was created. All "instances" of that structure
will change immediately -- forward until discontinued, or another
item of the same type (A or B) is encountered, and backward to
the creation page. (You are really only dipping down into a single
structure when you edit a repeating element on any page where
it displays. WordPerfect takes care of displaying it wherever
-- and however often -- it is required.)
In summary:
To replace the same structure so that
the new content appears at a specific point in mid-document,
thereby leaving the display of the older version of that item
on previous pages alone, you can do one of two things:
- Either discontinue the old structure
(if you don't want any more of them to display on subsequent
pages, as demonstrated in the previous section, "How
to stop them"); or
- create a new,
revised one on a new page, as in the next illustration
(if you want them to display on subsequent pages). Most often
you will choose this option.
The following diagram illustrates a replacement
header on page 4.
Schematically (for the first several pages)
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If you Create a new Header A on page
4...
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Header A |
Header A |
Header A |
Create a new
Header A |
Header A |
Header A |
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...it will produce this
change in the document:
Old
Header A |
Old
Header A |
Old
Header A |
New
Header A |
New
Header A |
New
Header A
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How to delay
them to another page
To add to this mix of options, you can delay the
onset of any of these elements by one or more pages. That is,
you can -
- delay the starting
of a new item (e.g., delay the start of a new footer until the
second page);
- delay the stopping
or "discontinuance" of an item (e.g., shut off, on
page 2, a header, footer and/or watermark that was created on
page 1); or
- delay the suppression of an item until a specific number of pages have
passed.
The principal advantage of this feature, and
its most common use, is to allow you to set up special formatting
for a subsequent page -- but these actions will only have an
effect if there are subsequent pages. Otherwise, they
exist only as format codes inside a "container" code:
the [Delay] code you will see if you use this feature.
To use this feature in a document, click Format,
Page, Delay Codes, X (where 'X' is the number of pages to delay
the action -- usually this is set to "1"). Typically,
you perform these steps on page 1 so that you can delay some
action until page 2, if there is a page 2.
This opens the Define Delay Codes window,
and any actions you specify there -- such as starting a new header,
discontinuing an existing footer, or setting new page margins
(but see the NOTE below) -- will be carried out on the specified (subsequent)
page.
If, for example, Header B is delayed
until page 2, you would have the sequence XBBBBB....
Schematically (for the first several pages)
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Header B |
Header B |
Header B |
Header B |
Header B |
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And if, for example, Footer A is discontinued
on page 2 and Footer B is started on page 2 . . .
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Footer A |
Footer B |
Footer B |
Footer B |
Footer B |
Footer B |
In the first case you could, of course, simply
suppress the element on page 1. But because delay codes are created
in their own special Define Delayed Codes window, you can delay
several items with the same [Delay] code, which might be a better
way of keeping them together.
Also, you can hide the [Delay] code inside
the document's initial style code to prevent accidental deletion
or movement of the code. (See Footnote 1.)
CAUTIONS
- One downside to using a [Delay] code: You
can't use Edit, Find and Replace to search inside a [Delay]
code. However, you can use F&R to remove these elements;
see "How to remove them".
TIPS
- You can open an existing [Delay] code the
same as you can open (to edit) many WordPerfect codes. Just double
click on the code in Reveal Codes.
NOTE
- To delay setting new page margins
or return (reset) them to the 1-inch default on page 2 of a document,
see this tip. A small bug was
introduced in WP10 (and still present in WPX3) that requires
an extra step in the Delay Codes procedure.
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How to overlay
them
It is worth remembering that, like transparent
pieces of film, you can overlay either type (A or B) of a repeating
element with the other type by using them on the same page(s).
Since A and B of the same element will occupy
the same space on the page, be sure to separate text or graphics
inside them so the material in one doesn't conflict with (i.e.,
overlap) the material in the other on the same page. (Usually,
setting different line justification or adding a few hard returns
will separate the materials. For more precision, use Format,
Typesetting, Advance.)
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How to remove
them
Headers, footers, and watermarks are created
with WordPerfect format codes, so you can delete them
from the document by deleting the codes. (You should back up
your document first.)
Here are some general methods:
- Open the Reveal Codes window to locate the
code. Then either (1) drag the [Header], [Footer], or [Watermark]
code from the Reveal Codes window to delete it; or (2) use the
[Delete] or [Backspace] keys to delete the code.
- If you need to quickly delete all
codes of a given type in the document, place your cursor at the
very top of the document (before all codes and text), then click
Edit, Find and Replace.
- In the Find and Replace dialog that appears,
delete anything that might be in the "Find:" field,
then click Match, Codes from the dialog's menu.
- In the Codes dialog that appears, scroll
down to code you want to remove: Header A, Header B,
Footer A, Footer B, Watermark A, or Watermark B.
Click on the listed item in the Codes dialog, then click Insert
& Close. You should now see the code in the "Find:"
field.
- Tip: You can also copy the code from your document and
paste it into the Find and Replace field.
- In the Find and Replace dialog's "Replace
with:" field, choose <Nothing> (or simply delete the
contents of this field with Delete or Backspace), then click
Find Next (to find the first code), then click Replace.
- Repeat deleting each remaining code with
Find Next ... Replace, or simply click Replace All.
- Note: You cannot use Find and Replace to find codes inside
a [Delay] code, as mentioned above. This
is a limitation of the program, at least for recent versions
of it. You will have to edit the [Delay] code by double-clicking
on the [Delay] code in Reveal Codes and then removing the header,
footer, or watermark code contained in it.
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Example: Modifying the current document or a custom template
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For the current document: Note that you can use this method in the current
document (.WPD), but the SupDelay
("Suppress and Delay") macro probably is more convenient
if you have to do it often. For future documents, you probably
will want to modify the template (.WPT) on which those documents
are based. See the procedures below.
For new custom templates: Create the template with File, New (or New from Project),
Options button, Create WP Template. A new document will open,
named Template1. You can create everything here, or import a
previously created (one page) document with Insert, File.
For existing custom templates: Edit the template with File, New (or New from Project),
select the template by name, then click the Options button and
choose Edit WP Template.
Example (taken
from the SupDelay macro page):
Let's say you want to use Header A, Footer
A, and/or Watermark A for your first page letterhead design (or
to supplement the design of preprinted stationery), or for the
title page of a company report.
Assume you want to use Header B, Footer B,
and/or Watermark B for other things (such as a name, date, document
title or page number) on the second and subsequent pages -- if
there are any such pages in a given document.
Also assume you have set new margins on Page
1, and want to return the margins to some preferred default setting
on subsequent pages, if there are any. (Sometimes body text "runs
over.") You don't have to create any header, footer,
or watermark, but if you do you can set them up like this:
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Page 1: |
Page 2 and subsequent pages
(if any): |
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Header A available |
(Header A discontinued) |
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(Header B suppressed) |
Header B available |
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Footer A available |
(Footer A discontinued) |
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(Footer B suppressed) |
Footer B available |
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Watermark A available |
(Watermark A discontinued) |
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Watermark B available |
Watermark B available |
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No page numbers on Page 1 |
Page numbering continues (if page numbering was
turned on) |
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Page margins can be customized |
Page margins reset to 1" (the WordPerfect
default setting -- but this can be easily changed; see also the
Note in the delay section above
on this page) |
Here's how.
- Go to the top of your template (i.e., page
1) and set up both varieties (A and B) of the headers and footers,
set up one or both watermarks, and set new Page 1 margins if
desired.
Then either play the SupDelay
macro or manually suppress and delay pages:
- Assuming you have used Header A and Footer
A on the first page of the template, you can set up Header B
(and Footer B) for the second and subsequent pages. Do both of
these things while editing page 1 of the template. That is, create
all headers and footers on the first page.
- Next, you need to discontinue (i.e.,
stop) Header A and Footer A on the second and subsequent pages
(you don't need them anymore), and supress Header B and
Footer B on page 1 (you don't want them to appear until page
2).
- The first task (discontinue Header A and
Footer A) is done with Format, Page, Delay Codes, 1, OK. Then
click Header/Footer, Header A, Discontinue. Do the same for Footer
A. You can also discontinue Watermark A, if it is used, and reset
margins for the second and subsequent pages. Then click the Close
button to return to the main template window.
- For the second task (suppress Header B, etc.),
go to the top of the document and click Format, Page, Suppress.
On the dialog that pops up, choose Header B, Footer B, and (probably)
Page Numbering. Click OK.
- Save the template with File, Save. If it's
a new template, save it in the group category of your choice.
- TIPS
- On page 2 you can create a new Header A,
Footer A, and Watermark A instead of discontinuing (stopping)
them. The newly created elements will simply take over on page
2, automatically discontinuing the same elements that are on
page 1.
- Several of these techniques were used in
the LETTERHD template
in the Library.
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Barry MacDonnell's